by: Comune di Verbania

CLASSIFICATION OF HIKING TRAILS BASED ON DIFFICULTY

Before embarking on a mountain hike, it's important to choose a route suitable for one's abilities, level of preparation, training, and experience. Considering the abilities of all participants, it's wise to select a route that even the least experienced member can complete without risks, perhaps opting for shorter hikes with moderate elevation gains.

Below are some explanations of the symbols used by the Italian Alpine Club (CAI) regarding the difficulty level of hiking trails.

T = Touristic

Routes on small roads, mule tracks, or easy trails with clear paths that do not pose uncertainties or orientation problems. They usually take place below 2000 m and typically provide access to mountain pastures or shelters. They require a certain knowledge of the mountain environment and physical fitness for walking.

E = Hiking

Routes that mostly follow trails, or tracks across varied terrain (pastures, debris, rocky areas), usually with markings; there may be short flat or slightly inclined sections with residual snow, where a fall would be quickly halted without danger. They sometimes traverse open terrain without trails but are not problematic, always with adequate signage. They may traverse steep slopes; exposed sections are usually protected (barriers) or secured (cables). They may include individual rocky passages, not exposed, or short and not strenuous sections thanks to equipment (ladders, rungs, cables) that, however, do not require the use of specific gear (harness, carabiners, etc.). They require a certain sense of orientation, as well as some experience and knowledge of mountainous terrain, walking training, as well as appropriate footwear and equipment.

EE = For experienced hikers

Generally marked routes but requiring the ability to navigate special terrains. Trails or tracks on rugged and treacherous terrain (steep and/or slippery slopes of grass, or mixed rock and grass, or rock and debris). Varied terrain, at relatively high altitudes (rocky areas, short non-steep snowfields, open slopes without reference points, etc.). Rocky sections with mild technical difficulties (equipped paths, via ferratas among those of lesser difficulty). Glacier routes are excluded, even if flat and/or apparently without crevasses (because crossing them would require the use of rope and ice axe and knowledge of related safety maneuvers). Requirements: general mountain experience and good knowledge of alpine environment; surefootedness and absence of vertigo; appropriate equipment, gear, and physical preparation.

EEA = For experienced hikers with equipment

Equipped paths or via ferratas requiring the use of self-belay devices (harness, belay device, carabiners, ropes) and personal protective equipment (helmet, gloves).

EEA - F (Easy Ferrata) Slightly exposed and undemanding equipped path with long stretches of walking. Very protected trail with good signage, where metal structures are limited to a single cable or chain solely for safety enhancement.

EEA - PD (Moderately Difficult Ferrata) Ferrata with moderate exposure and development. The route usually features channels, chimneys, and some short vertical sections, facilitated by fixtures such as chains, cables, rungs, or even metal ladders.

EEA - D (Difficult Ferrata) A ferrata with considerable development that requires good physical preparation and technique. The route is often vertical and in some cases includes short overhangs, highly articulated, with long stretches of exposure; equipped with metal ropes and/or chains, rungs, and/or metal ladders.

EAI = Hiking in snowy conditions

Routes in snowy terrain requiring the use of snowshoes, with clear and recognizable paths, with easy access routes, either in valley bottoms or non-rugged wooded areas or on open and lightly exposed ridgelines, with generally moderate elevation gains and difficulties ensuring safe passage.

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